YANZU A HARSHE 22 DABAN DABAN. DANNA KASASHEN KWUSULUN HAGU "FURSSARA" DOMIN NEMAN NAKU!
Da Jeff J. Brown
Hoton da ke sama: fitar da kyakkyawan shirin Turanci mai taken "Daming Palace".
A nan, yana ɗaukar daƙiƙa guda kawai…
Shekaru goma sha shida a kan tituna, ina zaune da aiki tare da mutanen China , Jeff
Sauke manhajar SoundCloud (kuma a ƙasan wannan shafin), Brighteon, iVoox, RuVid , da kuma yadda ake tallata su a iTunes , Stitcher Radio, (hanyoyin haɗin da ke ƙasa),
Tashar Bidiyo ta Brighteon: https://www.brighteon.com/channels/jeffjbrown
MUHIMMAN SANARWA: techofascism yana nan! StumbleUpon (yanzu Mix) da Reddit sun cire ni. Facebook, Twitter da YouTube suna yi mani sharhi sosai. Lokaci ne kawai kafin su cire min dandamali kuma. Da fatan za a fara amfani da Brighteon don bidiyo na, sannan ku haɗa da ni ta wasu kafofin watsa labarun da aka jera a ƙasa, musamman VK, Telegram, Parler da WeChat, waɗanda ba sa cikin na'urar farfagandar MSM ta Yamma (BLPM).
Bidiyon Brighteon baya tacewa kuma yana goyan bayan magana kyauta, don haka da fatan za a yi rajista kuma ku kalli nan,
Sauti na SoundCloud:
YouTube yana hanawa da tantance miliyoyin mutane, bidiyo da tashoshi, gami da ni, don haka da fatan za a kauracewa shi kuma ku kalli Brighteon a sama,
KAFIN FARA:
A ƙarshen labarin, zazzage fim ɗin mai taken, daga babban ɗakin karatu na fina-finai na Sinanci.
Shirye-shiryen Al'adun Fina-Finan China da suka gabata,
Jerin Al'adun Fina-Finan Sinawa da Tarihi: "Almara na Chu da Han", Episode 41, kamar yadda Dr. Quan Le ya bayyana. Tashin Rediyon Sin 210429
Al'adun Fina-Finan Sinawa da Jerin Tarihi: "Confucius" wanda Hu Mei ya jagoranta (2010, tare da fassarar Turanci), kamar yadda Dr. Quan Le ya bayyana. Tashin Rediyon Sinoland 210507
Jerin Al'adun Fina-Finan Sinawa da Tarihi: "Daular Qin Epic" (Turanci fassarar Turanci), Episode 12, kamar yadda Dr. Quan Le ya bayyana. Tashin Rediyon Sinoland 210525
Jerin Al'adun Fina-Finan Sinawa da Tarihi: "Kafa Jamhuriyya" (Turanci fassarar Turanci), kamar yadda Dr. Quan Le ya bayyana. Tashin Rediyon Sinoland 210627
Mataki na ashirin da
Don shirin Al'adun Fina-finan Sin na gaba da na Tarihi , ina gabatar da wani shiri mai kyau mai suna Daming Palace (The Palace of Great Lightness 大 明 宫 (Da4 Ming2 Gong1).
Wannan fadar ta almara ta kasance babba, daidai da Versailles uku, Biranen Haramtacce guda huɗu, Kremlins 12 da Fadawan Buckingham 15.
Hoton da ke sama: wurin shakatawa na tarihi na fadar Daming da aka sake gina, a wajen birnin Xi'an na kasar Sin.
Wannan shirin yana ba da hangen nesa game da daular Tang ta Imperial (618AD - 907AD) ta hanyar haihuwa, rayuwa da mutuwar Fadar Babban Haske. Yana cikin Sinanci tare da fassarar Turanci.
Abubuwan da nake so in haskaka daga 19′ zuwa 32’45”.
Zan mayar da hankali kan wannan yanki na mintuna 13 da daƙiƙa 45 don sharhi na, da wasu ƙari.
Wannan ɗan gajeren bayani ya ba da wani ra'ayi game da Chang'an ( Tsaron Zaman Lafiya na Har Abada ), babban birnin Daular Tang mai ban sha'awa, kusa da Xi'an na yanzu. Za ku ga Yarima Narsieh, ɗan Yarima Peroz, wanda aka fi sani da Firuz na Gidan Sarautar Farisa na Sassanids, a Kotun China. Kuma za ku ga babban mutumin da zan yi magana a kansa a wannan karon,
Empress WU ZETIAN 武 则 天 (Wu3 Ze2 Tian1)
Yana nufin Sarauniya Wu cikin Yarjejeniyar Sama.
Wannan shi ne sunan da Sinawa ke kiranta da ita a lokacin, lokacin da ta yi sarauta a matsayin mai mulkin daularta, wanda ta halitta, ba a matsayin uwargidan maigidanta ba, ko Sarauniyar 'ya'yanta a daular Tang. Ta yanke shawarar maido da suna mai tsarki, da ake girmamawa kuma na musamman na gidan sarauta na zamanin da, wanda ya yi mulki daga 1046 KZ zuwa 256 KZ, Zhou. Ta ɗauka don suna daular kanta, wanda ya kasance daga 17 Oktoba 690 zuwa 21 ga Fabrairu 705.
Hoton da ke sama: tsohon zanen Empress Wu Zetian.
An haife ta da suna Wu Zhao 武 照 (Wu3, sunan iyali; Zhao4, sunan da aka bayar). Sunanta na nufin Mai Haske.
An haife ta a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 624. Ta rasu a ranar 16 ga Disamba 705.
Daga baya, ta yanke shawarar canza sunanta da wani hali da ta ƙirƙira don kanta, amma kuma ta furta Zhao4, amma ta rubuta daban: 曌.
Idan aka yi nazarin halin da ta ƙirƙira, mutum zai iya ganin Rana da Wata a kan Gibi. Gibi ba gibi ba ne, amma an fahimci shi a matsayin Mai Komawa Komai, Mai Gane Komai ko Tsarkakken Sanin Juna, wani muhimmin ra'ayi na addinin Buddha. Don haka, ana iya fahimtar wannan a matsayin Kasancewa cikin Rawa ta Har Abada tare da Gibi ; ko Kasancewa da Gibi . A wata ma'anar, Gaskiya Ta Gaskiya.
Ta yi fice saboda kasancewarta SARAUTA KADAI MACE A TARIHIN CHINA. Shekaru 15, ta ɗauki taken Huang2 Di4 皇 帝, wanda ba wata mace kafin ko bayan ta yi amfani da ita.
A baya, tana da hakkin kamar,
Empress Consort, Huang2 Hou4 皇 后
Empress Dowager, Huang2 Tai4 Hou4 皇 太 后
A karkashin mulkinta na shekaru 40, kasar Sin ta kara girma, daular ta fadada zurfi zuwa tsakiyar Asiya; an kafa tuntuɓar juna a duk faɗin duniya, an rage cin hanci da rashawa a Kotun, an sake farfado da al'adu da tattalin arziƙin jama'a, an kuma amince da ita a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙasashen duniya.
Hoton da ke sama: Fitaccen dan wasan kasar Sin Fan Binging yana wasa bangaren Wu Zetian.
Chang'an ( Tsaron Zaman Lafiya na Har Abada ), babban birnin, ya kasance mai cike da al'umma ta duniya, tare da dimbin al'ummomin ƙasashen waje, kuma ya kasance tare da Constantinople da Baghdad, ɗaya daga cikin biranen da suka fi daraja a duniya. Ba a cika cewa addinin Buddha (ɗaya daga cikin manyan koyarwa uku da ke ƙarfafa wayewar Sinawa, tare da Confucius da Daoism), ya bunƙasa sosai a ƙarƙashin tallafin masarautarta. Fasaha ta kuma bunƙasa, ba shakka.
Aikin bugawa ya fara da fasahar xylographic a kasar Sin a karni na bakwai, karkashin mulkin Wu.
Na'urar bugu da nau'i mai motsi a cikin yumbu ko farantin ya bayyana a kasar Sin a karni na sha daya, shekaru 400 bayan Wu Zetian. Hakanan ya kasance na farko ga duk duniya.
Ina so in ambaci sunan wanda ya ƙirƙira, Bi Sheng 毕 昇 Bi4 Sheng1 (an haife shi a shekara ta 972 – ya mutu a shekara ta 1051). An yi tsarin Bi Sheng ne da yumbu ko adon kasar Sin kuma an kirkiro shi ne tsakanin shekarun 1039 zuwa 1048 a lokacin daular Song, a zamanin Qingli 庆 历 Qing4 Li4.
Da sunansa ya ɓace a tarihi idan Shen Kuo 沈 括 Shen3 Kuo4 (an haife shi a shekara ta 1031 - ya mutu a shekara ta 1095) bai rubuta shi a cikin Maƙallan Tafkin Mafarki ba.
Karni biyu bayan haka, jami'in gwamnati Wang Zhen 王 祯 Wang2 Zhen1 (an haife shi a shekara ta 1290 - ya mutu a shekara ta 1333) ya inganta nau'ikan yumbu na Bi Sheng, ta hanyar yin amfani da itace, yayin da tsarinsa ya kara saurin bugawa.
Hoton da ke sama: Alamar tunawa da ke girmama Bi Sheng, wanda ya ƙirƙiri na'urar bugu mai motsi.
Daga baya a cikin daular Ming, a cikin 1490, nau'in motsi na tagulla ya samo asali ne daga mawallafin Hua Sui 华 燧 Hua2 Sui4 (an haife shi 1439 - ya mutu 1513).
Johannes Gutenberg (wajen shekara ta 1400 – ya mutu a shekara ta 1468) shine Bature na farko da ya karbi na’urar buga bugu na Bi Sheng mai shekaru 400 a 1439.
Mu dawo daular Tang.
Tare da hanyoyin bishiya na yau da kullun, manyan ganuwar, wuraren shakatawa, da wuraren da aka keɓe don takamaiman ayyuka, tsarin na Chang'an ya rinjayi tsarin tsara birane na wasu manyan biranen gabashin Asiya na shekaru masu zuwa. Samfurin ne wanda aka kwafi sosai. Kyoto na zamani, Japan har yanzu tana riƙe da wasu halaye na Tang Chang'an, akan mafi girman ma'auni.
A lokacin da yake kololuwa a karni na takwas, birnin yana da mafi yawan jama'a a duniya, kimanin mutane miliyan uku (miliyan daya a cikin bangon birnin da kuma wani miliyan biyu a cikin kewaye).
London da Paris za su sami mazauna miliyan ɗaya kawai kowace shekara 1,000 bayan haka, a cikin 1800s.
Jama'ar kasar Sin suna kiranta da Wu Zetian lokacin da ta jagoranci daularta, wadda Zhou ta kirkiro daga ranar 17 ga Oktoba 690 zuwa 21 ga Fabrairu 705.
Wu Hou 武后 (Wu3 Hou4) ma'ana Sarki Wu an yi amfani da ita a lokacin da take Sarauniya Consort ga mijinta na biyu Gaozong (wanda aka yi mulki daga 649 - 684), sannan ta yi mulki daga 655 zuwa 683 a matsayin Sarauniya Dowager ga 'ya'yanta maza, ta hannun Sarki Zhongzong da Sarki Ruizong (wanda ya yi mulki daga 684 - 690), waɗanda 'yan tsana ne kawai a hannun mahaifiyarsu.
Li Xian (an haife shi a shekara ta 656 - ya mutu a shekara ta 710) Li3 Xian3 李 顯, wanda aka fi sani da Sarki Zhongzong ( Tsakiya Kakanni ) ya “mulki” daga 23 ga Janairu 684 zuwa 26 ga Fabrairu 684, mahaifiyarsa ta sauke shi daga muƙaminsa don ya maye gurbin ƙaramin ɗan’uwansa mai sauƙin kai, Yarima Dan. Ya sake mulki a karo na biyu daga 705 zuwa 710.
Li Dan (an haife shi a shekara ta 662 - ya mutu a shekara ta 716) Li3 Dan4 李 旦, wanda aka fi sani da Sarki Ruizong ( Kakanni Mai Nesa ) ya “yi mulki” daga 26 ga Fabrairu 684 zuwa 17 ga Oktoba 690, a ƙarƙashin ikon mahaifiyarsa. Ya yi mulki a karo na biyu daga 710 zuwa 712, ya yi murabus a madadin ɗansa, fitaccen Sarki Xuanzong ( Kakanni Mai Ban Mamaki ) (ya yi mulki daga 713 zuwa 756, ya mutu a shekara ta 762). Ya rayu shekaru shida bayan ya yi murabus a madadin ɗansa.). Sarki Ruizong ya mutu a shekara ta 716, shekaru uku bayan ya yi murabus a ranar 30 ga Yuli 713. Duk da haka, lokacin da aka rubuta a cikin littattafan tarihi cewa Sarki Ruizong ya yi mulki daga 710 zuwa 712, mun fahimci cewa ya yi mulki a shekara ta 712 amma ba duk shekara ta 713 ba.
Sarki Ruizong ya kasance mai sanyi sosai a lokacin mulkinsa na biyu, har ya bar ƙanwarsa, ƙwararriyar 'yar'uwarsa, Princess Taiping, ta kula da komai.
太 平 宫 主 Tai4 Ping2 Gong1 Zhu3 Gimbiya Taiping, sunan sirri da ba a tabbatar ba, mai yiwuwa Li Jinyue, 李 今 月 Li3 Jin1 Yue4.
Ita ce 'yar karshe ta Wu Zetian.
An haife ta bayan 662 kuma ta kashe kanta a gida a ranar 2 ga Agusta 713, saboda dan uwanta, Emperor Xuanzong, wanda bai gaji annashuwa na mahaifinsa ba, ya umarce ta da yin haka, ta haka ne ya tabbatar da ikonsa na sarauta. An kwace kadarorin Gimbiya Taiping, kuma an ce akwai dukiya da dabbobi da gidaje da suka dauki shekaru da dama kafin a kammala lissafin.
Hoton na sama: Wu Zetian a cikin wani zane tare da kotun mata.
Lokacin 655 zuwa 705 yana wakiltar shekaru 50. Na rubuta a sama game da mulkinta na shekaru 40, domin kusan shekaru 11 na farkon mulkinsa, Gaozong ya yi mulki da gaske, duk da cewa matarsa ta taimaka masa. Bayan da Gaozong ya yi fama da bugun jini a shekara ta 660, Empress Wu ta zama shugabar kotun, matsayi daidai da na Sarkin sarakuna. Don haka, daga shekara ta 660 zuwa 684, (kashi biyu bisa uku na sarautar mijinta (wanda aka yi mulki daga 649 – 684), Wu Hou shi ne ainihin mai mulkin daular Sinawa.
Sunan fasaharta shine Glamorous Lady, Mei3 Niang2 a cikin harshen Sinanci 媚 娘, wanda mijinta na farko, Sarki Taizong/ Babban Kaka (ya yi mulki 626 - 649), ya ba ta, mahaifin mijinta na biyu, Sarki Gaozong/ Babban Kaka (ya yi mulki 649 - 684). Hakika, babban abin kunya ne a lokacin.
Empress Wu ta girmi mijinta na farko da shekara 26 sannan ta girmi mijinta na biyu da shekara hudu. Babu wata alaka ta kud-da-kud tsakanin Taizong da ita kuma amsar a bayyane take game da Gaozong da ita, tunda sun haifi 'ya'ya tare.
Saboda haka, a tunaninmu na zamani, abin kunya ya fi na al'ada, ba rashin dacewa ba. Amma al'adu sun kasance kuma suna da mahimmanci a cikin al'ummar kasar Sin. Bayan haka, al'ada sune maganganun yau da kullun na ɗabi'a da ɗabi'a. Amma ka tambayi kanka wannan tambayar: Idan da gaske, kana sha'awar mace mai shekaru huɗu kacal (duk da cewa ta yi aure da mahaifinka da ya mutu) kuma kai Sarkin sarakuna ne, me za ka yi?
Baya ga nasarorin siyasa da ta samu, Wu Zetian ta kuma yi rayuwa mai cike da iyali. Tana da 'ya'ya maza huɗu, biyu sarakuna ne, ɗaya kuma an ba shi wannan matsayi a matsayin girmamawa bayan mutuwarsa. Ɗaya daga cikin jikokinta shi ne Sarki Xuanzong/ Kakanni Mai Sirri (wanda ya yi mulki daga 713 zuwa 756).
Hoton da ke sama: Zanen Wu Zetian a cikin salon haikalin Buddha.
Ga wata waka da ta rubuta a lokacin da take cikin gidan zuhudu bayan mutuwar mijinta na farko, kamar yadda ka'idar ta bukaci duk abokan aure ba tare da yara ba, suna marmarin Yarima Zhi, yanzu Sarkin sarakuna Gaozong (an haifi 649 - ya mutu 684).
Ina kewar ku sosai,
zaune kamar a hayyaci
Tunani ya ruɗe,
kuskure ganin ja kamar kore
Jikina, gagararre da rauni kowace rana,
saboda ina kewar ku sosai
Ina kewarki sosai amma ban ganki ba,
fuskata ta wanke da hawaye duk yini
Ina aiko muku da riga, masoyina,
rigar rumman na ranar da muka fara haduwa
Idan ba ku yarda da ni ba,
bude akwatin ka duba
rigar ta jike da hawayena.
Hotunan karshe na shirin na nuna kwanaki na karshe na birnin Chang'an, wato karni biyu bayan rayuwar uwargida Wu. Ana iya jin wani abu na halaka da yanayin duhu ta hanyar karanta waƙar mawaƙin Tang Wei Zhuang (an haife shi a shekara ta 836? - ya mutu a shekara ta 910) Wei2 Zhuang1 韋 莊.
Wei Zhuang yana da halin tafiya cikin sauƙi, har ma da ɗan ƙaramin hali. Kakanninsa sun kasance manyan mukamai a Kotu a ƙarni na takwas. Gidansa na asali yana wani yanki kusa da kudu maso yammacin babban birnin kasar. Ya gabatar da kansa ga jarrabawar Imperial a ƙarshen rayuwarsa, a kusan shekaru 60. Yana da aikin matsakaici, (menene kuma za a yi tsammani?), Amma ya rubuta waƙa mai kyau, farawa tun yana ƙuruciya. Sabanin ra'ayin 'yan Asiya masu aiki tukuru (ba gaba daya karya ba, ba shakka), ina tsammanin akwai kuma jama'ar Sinawa da Asiya da yawa masu kama da mawaki Wei Zhuang. Wannan mawaƙin shine cikakken shaida ga faduwar daula mai daraja. Wakarsa,
Garin Chang'an, me ya kunsa yanzu?
Rushewar kasuwanni, titin da ba kowa, inda kunnuwan alkama ke tsiro.
Suna tattara man fetur, sun yanke kowace fure a Almond Park
Don shingaye sun kafe itacen willow na
Grand Canal.
Kociyoyin fentin gay, ƙafafun ƙafafu, sun warwatse tuntuni.
Daga cikin manyan gidaje, manyan ƙofofin ƙofofi, ba rabin saura ba!
(Dawson ya fassara shi, '61)
Hoton na sama: ciki na zamani na gidan tarihi na fadar Daming, wajen birnin Xi'an na kasar Sin.
Ga wadanda suka ji daɗin littattafan binciken da Robert van Gulik ya rubuta (an haife shi a shekara ta 1910 – ya mutu a shekara ta 1967), ku sani cewa gwarzon waɗannan labaran, Alkali Dee, da gaske ya wanzu kuma ya yi aiki a Chang'an ƙarƙashin Empress Wu.
An san Robert van Gulik ga Sinawa da 高 罗 佩 Gao1 Luo2 Pei4. Shi ɗan Gabashin ƙasar Holland ne, ma'aikacin diflomasiyya, mawaƙa (na zither ko gu3qin2, 古 琴) kuma marubuci. Ya auri Shui Shifang, diyar daular Qing ta Imperial mandarin, kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya hudu tare.
An haifi Alkali Dee, ko kuma daidai, Di2 Ren2 Jie2 狄 仁 杰, an haife shi a shekara ta 630 kuma ya mutu a cikin 700.
An ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin Duke Wenhui na Liang 梁 文 惠 ( Wen Hui: Mai Al'adu da Nagarta ) 公/ Gong = Duke.
Hoton da ke sama: murfin gaba na wani labari mai hoto na Alƙali Dee. Littattafan Robert van Gulik fitattun nishadi ne kuma ingantaccen tarihi. Na karanta da yawa.
Sau biyu yana rike da mukamin kansila a zamanin mulkin Wu Zetian, ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan jami'an da aka yi bikin ta a zamanin mulkinta. Ta mutunta shi sosai.
Abin ban mamaki shi ne, kafin rasuwarsa, Di ya ba da shawarar manyan jami'ai da dama, wadanda bayan shekaru biyar, suka taka rawar gani wajen hambarar da Wu Zetian, a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 705, ta yadda ya mayar da Li Xian kan karagar mulki (a matsayin sarki Zhongzong, sarki na biyu: 705 -710). Jarumar ta ce da samun labarin tsige ta, Mai Martaba ta shaida wa ministocin da suka ruguje cewa ta koma ta kwanta. Bayan haka, ta kai shekaru 81 da haihuwa kwanaki hudu da suka wuce. Ta rasu watanni 10 bayan haka, a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 705, wata biyu da kwana daya kafin cikarta shekaru 82.
Di Renjie (630 – 700) ana la’akari da shi a matsayin wanda ya maido da daular Tang, ta hanyar wakilai ta hannun jami’an da ya ba da shawara ko ya taimaka.
A cikin waɗannan mutane, bari mu ambaci Zhang Jianzhi (an haife shi 625 – ya mutu 706), Yao Yuanchong (an haife shi 650 – ya mutu 721), Huan Yanfan (an haife shi 653 – ya mutu 706); Jing Hui, wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 706 da Cui Xuanwei (an haife shi a shekara ta 638 - ya mutu a shekara 706).
Kalma ta ƙarshe. Ga masu son zurfafa zurfafa cikin kyakkyawar rayuwa ta wannan ɗan adam na musamman, ina ba da shawarar littafin da N. Harry Rothschild ya rubuta,
Sarki Wu Zhao da kuma ƙungiyar Devs, Divinities and Dynastic Mothers (2015), Columbia University Press.
Yana da daɗi don karantawa kuma a lokaci guda, mai ilimi sosai (shafukan rubutu na 63 da shafuka 26 na littafin bibliography don babban rubutu na shafuka 235).
Hoton da ke sama: murfin littafin, "Sarki Wu Zhao da ƙungiyar Devs, Divinities and Dynastic Mothers".
Haka ne, Sarkin sarakuna Wu Zhao ne, ba sarki Wu Zhao ba.
Wu Zhao Huangdi 武 曌 皇 帝 (Wu3 Zhao4 Huang2 Di4)
Ita ce mace daya tilo a tarihin kasar Sin da ake kira Huang Di 皇 帝, Sarkin sarakuna.
Enjoy!
Dr. Quan
Zazzage fim ɗin mai taken anan, daga babban ɗakin karatu na fina-finan Sinanci,
Kalmar sirri don zazzage fim,
DaMingDigs618
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Me ya sa kuma yadda kasar Sin ke aiki: Tare da madubi zuwa Tarihinmu
JEFF J. BROWN, Edita, Tashin China, kuma Babban Editan & Wakilin China, Aiko daga Beijing, The Greanville Post
Jeff J. Brown masanin nazarin yanayin ƙasa ne, ɗan jarida, malami kuma marubucin The China Trilogy . Ya ƙunshi kwanaki 44 na Backpacking a China – The Middle Kingdom in the 21st Century, tare da Amurka, Turai da Fate of the World in Its Looking Glass (2013); Punto Press ta fitar da China Rising – Capitalist Roads, Socialist Destinations (2016); da kuma BIG Red Book on China (2020). Haka kuma, ya buga littafin karatu, Treasure Trove to Great English na Doctor WriteRead (2015). Jeff babban Edita ne kuma Wakilin China ga The Greanville Post , inda yake riƙe da shafi, Dispatch daga Beijing kuma Shugaban Ra'ayin Duniya ne a ƙarni na 21. Hakanan yana rubuta shafi ga The Saker , wanda ake kira Moscow-Beijing Express . Jeff yana rubutu, yana yin tambayoyi da podcasts akan shirinsa, China Rising Radio Sinoland , wanda kuma ana samunsa a YouTube , Stitcher Radio , iTunes, Ivoox da RUvid . Baƙi sun haɗa da Ramsey Clark , James Bradley , Moti Nissani , Godfree Roberts , Hiroyuki Hamada , The Saker da sauransu da yawa.
Ana iya samun Jeff a China Rising , [email protected] , Facebook , Twitter , Wechat (+86-19806711824/Mr_Professor_Brown, da Layi/Signal/Telegram/Whatsapp: +33-612458821.
Karanta shi cikin harshenku • Lealo en su idioma • Lisez-le dans votre langue • Lies es in deniner Sprache • Прочитайte это на вашem яzyke • 用你的语言阅读
[google-translator]
Rukunin Wechat: bincika lambar waya +8619806711824 ko ID dina, Mista_Professor_Brown, buƙatar abokina kuma ka nemi Jeff ya shiga rukunin Wechat na Sinoland Rediyon Sinoland. Zai ƙara ku a matsayin memba, don ku iya shiga cikin tattaunawar da ke gudana.
Ina ba da gudummawa ga
Tunani daya "Al'adun Fina-Finan Sinawa da Jerin Tarihi: shirin shirin "Daming Palace" (2013, tare da fassarar Turanci), tare da mai da hankali kan Sarkin sarakuna Wu Zetian, kamar yadda Dr. Quan Le ya bayyana. Tashin Rediyon Sinoland 210817"