Lura: Allen Yu blogger ne a hideharmonies.org kuma lauyan IP a Silicon Valley. Mun hadu ta hanyar imel shekaru 2-3 da suka wuce kuma koyaushe ina sha'awar bincikensa da haɓakarsa mara kyau. A hankalce yake fada kamar yadda yake. Tare da wasu kaɗan, mun ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar Marubuta ta China don musayar bayanai da ra'ayoyi da yawa tare, a kullum. Xi Jinping zai amince da hadin gwiwarmu cikin nasara!

An haɗa shi da: https://blog.hiddenharmonies.org/2019/07/16/on-trumps-misguided-trade-war-with-china/

Trump ya fara yakin kasuwancinsa da China sama da shekara guda da ta wuce. Bayan shekara guda na tashe-tashen hankula, manyan tarurrukan G20 guda biyu da kuma watannin da aka shafe ana tattaunawa akai-akai, yakin cinikayya ya kawo karshen koma bayan tattalin arziki a duniya.

A gabanin taron G20 na watan da ya gabata, Trump ya yi alfahari da cewa "ni ne a yanzu da ke dakatar da" yarjejeniya da China. Da yake kin amincewa da rokon Beijing na cimma yarjejeniya mai "daidaituwa", babban mai ba Trump shawara kan harkokin kasuwanci Lighthizer ya bayyana cewa duk wata yarjejeniya dole ne ta kunshi China ta biya diyya ga " laifukan da ta aikata a baya ." [1]

Tunanin cewa Amurka ta daɗe tana fuskantar rashin adalci a harkokin ciniki, musamman a hannun China, don haka ba wai kawai kalaman zaɓe ba ne , amma dalili ne na yaƙin cinikayyar Amurka.

A da, 'yan siyasar Amurka kan zargi China da yin amfani da kudinta don satar ayyukan Amurka. Gaskiyar cewa China ba ta taɓa samar da kudin da za a iya canzawa cikin 'yanci ba, ba sakamakon yaudara ba ne , amma ƙasar ta mayar da hankali kan haɓaka tattalin arzikin Babban Titinta fiye da Wall Street da farko.

Bayanan tarihi sun nuna cewa China ta ci gaba da daidaita farashinta tsawon shekaru da dama. Babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa China ta taɓa rage darajar kudinta ta hanyar amfani da fasahar zamani, sai dai daga baya ta ƙara shi don samun riba ta kasuwanci kawai.

Da kusan kashi 300% na karuwar albashi a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, China ba ta zama ƙasa mai ƙarancin albashi a Asiya ba. Duk da haka, matsakaicin ma'aikacin China a bara - yana aiki a matsakaicin makonni 6 da awanni 12 - har yanzu yana samun kusan ^kashi 1/10 na abokin aikinsa na Amurka, kusan $2.86/awa idan aka kwatanta da $22.04/awa. [2] Shin China har yanzu tana "satar" ayyukan Amurka? Idan haka ne, to me zai faru da ƙasashe kamar Vietnam ko Indiya waɗanda yanzu ke da ƙarancin albashi?

Amurkawa suna fuskantar irin wannan matsala - ko da yake akasin haka ne - da abokan hulɗar cinikayyar Turai da Japan. A yau Amurka tana tsaye ita kaɗai a tsakanin ƙasashe masu ci gaba ba tare da kulawar lafiya ta duniya ba. Wannan na iya zama babban abin jan hankali da kuma babbar illa ga ciniki ga kamfanonin Amurka. Kwanan nan Trump ya tayar da hayaniya lokacin da ya yi tsokaci cewa NHS ta Burtaniya ya kamata ta kasance cikin tattaunawar cinikayya kyauta bayan Brexit, inda shugabannin Burtaniya suka yi biris da cewa: NHS ba "na sayarwa" ba ce! [3]

Shin kula da lafiya na duniya baki ɗaya "haƙƙin asali" ne ... ko kuma "tallafin" "marasa adalci"?

Jami'an Amurka sun dade suna kiran tallafin da kasar Sin ke baiwa masana'antunta duk da cewa ita kanta Amurka ta dade tana amfani da tallafin a tsawon tarihinta.

Misali, ci gaban fasahar semiconductor, Intanet, da magunguna masu yawa a Amurka, duk sun samo asali ne daga binciken da gwamnati ta dauki nauyinsu a Jami'o'in Amurka ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na kamfanoni. Silicon Valley ya samo asali ne daga tallafin da aka bai wa bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. [4] Wasu daga cikin fitattun kamfanoninsa - ciki har da Apple, Google da Facebook - sun sami tallafin biliyoyin daloli a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata kawai! [5]

Kwanan nan, bisa wani ɓangare na wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2018 a Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Amurka, gwamnatin Trump ta ɗauki matakin suka ga China saboda shiga cikin "satar IP" mai yawa na kamfanonin Amurka ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa "tilasta". [6] China ta ƙalubalanci Amurka da ta bayar da hujjoji masu ƙarfi, amma hakan bai yi nasara ba.

A cikin shekaru da dama da suka gabata, 'yan kasuwa da yawa na Amurka sun yi tururuwa zuwa China kuma sun nemi abokan hulɗa na gida don taimaka musu yin kayayyaki don sayarwa a duk faɗin duniya da kuma kafa muhimman wurare a kasuwar Sin. Abokan hulɗar Amurka za su kawo ƙwarewa da fasaha yayin da China za ta samar da kayan aiki masu araha, abin dogaro da kuma muhimman kayayyakin masana'antu. Wannan duk ya kasance abin da jama'a suka yaba kuma ya yi maraba da wani ɓangare na buɗewar China.

Wataƙila wasu kamfanonin Amurka kwanan nan sun ji "matsi" daga hutu da ƙarfafa gwiwa da wasu gwamnatocin ƙananan hukumomi ke bayarwa don yin haɗin gwiwa da 'yan kasuwa na gida da kuma kawo fasahohi da ayyukan yi masu ƙwarewa zuwa yankunansu. Amma idan haka ne, me zai faru da yarjejeniyar da Trump ya sanar da ita da gagarumin yabo a shekarar 2017, inda ya ba Foxconn biliyoyin kuɗin ƙarfafa haraji don yin haɗin gwiwa da 'yan kasuwa da jami'o'i na gida don gina masana'antu masu ci gaba, gudanar da wuraren bincike da haɓaka fasaha, ɗaukar ma'aikata masu ƙwarewa, da kuma raba tare da haɓaka haƙƙin mallaka a Wisconsin? [7]

Ba a taɓa nufin kasuwancin duniya a matsayin dandalin murkushe ci gaban wata ƙasa ba. Ko da tare da yarjejeniyar IP, Sin ta fahimci daidai cewa 'yanci zai kawo damar da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba ga 'yan ƙasa da 'yan kasuwa don koyo daga waje - don kwafi, kwaikwayi, da kuma inganta kamar yadda yanayin ya kasance - yawancin ra'ayoyin "marasa kariya" waɗanda ba makawa za su mamaye. sabuwar, fasahar ci gaba.

Abin mamaki ne cewa Trump a yau zai sanya "satar IP" ta zama babban abin da ya fi daukar hankali a yakin cinikayyarsa. A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, China ta zama babbar mai samar da kayayyaki da kuma babbar mai amfani da kadarorin fasaha . A shekarar 2018 kadai, China ta shigar da takardun mallakar fasaha kusan miliyan 1.4, fiye da ninki biyu na Amurka [8] China yanzu tana matsayi na biyu bayan Amurka a fannin biyan kudaden mallakar IP na duniya. Har ma Microsoft, wacce aka yi wa lakabi da "wawure" kamfanonin Amurka a shekarun 1990 da farkon 2000, ta sami nasara a China: bunkasa kasuwa mai rinjaye ga kayayyakinta da kuma gudanar da shirin R&D na duniya a can.

Baya ga la'antar kasar Sin na "satar IP", gwamnatin Trump ta kuma zargi kamfanonin kasar Sin da ke haifar da hadarin tsaron kasa ga kasashe a duniya ta hanyar yin aiki tare da sojojin kasar Sin; ya soki takunkumin da kasar Sin ta yi na saka hannun jarin waje kai tsaye a matsayin rashin adalci, ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma ba za a amince da shi ba; ya kuma caccaki kasar Sin musamman kan aiwatar da cin gajiyar ayyukan leken asiri na masana'antu na duniya da hare-haren intanet.

Amma idan da gaske gwamnatin Trump ta kasance mai gaskiya game da haɗarin tsaron ƙasa na duniya wanda haɗin gwiwa tsakanin kamfanoni da sojoji ya haifar, menene jerin jerin kamfanonin Amurka - daga Google zuwa Cisco zuwa Boeing - waɗanda suka yi aiki - a ɓoye ko a bayyane - tare da sojojin Amurka? Menene kamfanonin da WikiLeaks ya bayyana cewa sun yi wa duniya leken asiri a madadin leken asirin Amurka?

Dangane da takunkumin da aka sanya wa jarin kai tsaye na ƙasashen waje, Amurka ce ta fi tsaurara takunkumi kan zuba jari kai tsaye na ƙasashen waje a duniya, inda Kwamitin Zuba Jari na Ƙasashen Waje ya ƙi amincewa da duk manyan jarin da China ta zuba a fannin fasaha tsawon sama da shekaru goma da sunan "tsaro na ƙasa." Kwanan nan, bisa ga roƙon Amurka, Tarayyar Turai ta kuma ɗaga takunkumi kan abin da ake kira "sassan dabaru" [9] da kuma takunkumin da Japan ta sanya wa fannin fasaha a farkon wannan shekarar tare da mai da hankali kan China. [10]

Leken asiri a masana'antu da hare-haren yanar gizo batu ne mai sarkakiya a duniya. A al'ada, manyan masu aikin leken asiri a masana'antu a duniya suna da alaƙa da manyan ƙasashe masu tattalin arziki a duniya. [11] A shekarar 2018, China, Japan, da Amurka duk sun kasance cikin ƙasashen da hare-haren yanar gizo suka fi shafa, [12] amma China ce ta kasance cikin ƙasashen da ba a shirya sosai ba a kan irin waɗannan hare-hare yayin da Amurka ta kasance mafi kyau. [13] Da'awar cewa China ita ce babbar mai tayar da hankali kuma mai cin gajiyar leken asiri da hare-haren yanar gizo ba gaskiya ba ne.

A yau China tana wakiltar kasuwa ta dala biliyan 600 ga tattalin arzikin Amurka. Kamfanoni da dama na Amurka, ciki har da GM da Qualcomm, sun riga sun sayar da kayayyaki a China fiye da ko'ina a duniya. [14] China tana son tattauna hanyoyin da za a sa ciniki ya zama mai dorewa da adalci, amma wannan tattaunawar dole ne ta dogara ne akan ka'idojin daidaito da kuma ramawa.

A yau ana koyawa Amurkawa da yawa tunanin cewa rashin daidaiton Amurka ya samo asali ne daga kasuwancin duniya. Amma nawa ne da gaske suka yi imanin dawowa da ayyukan $1-2/hr daga China (ko wani wuri) shine mabuɗin don farfado da Ajin Tsakiyar Amurka da warware matsalar rashin daidaiton Amurka?

Farfadowar Amurka ba za ta iya farawa daga Beijing ba. Dole ne a fara daga gida tare da Amurkawa suna fuskantar matsalolin tsarin da aka dade ba a kula da su ba, kamar kasafin kuɗin soja na har abada, tsarin kiwon lafiya mara aiki, gwamnatin da ta daɗe da buƙatu na musamman, don kawai sunaye kaɗan. Kasar Sin mai wadata - kamar Turai mai wadata ko Japan - na iya tayar da ruwa ga kowa. Ƙasar Amurka da ba ta da tsaro da ke ganin barazana a cikin nasarorin da kowa zai samu zai sa duniya ta zama ƙasa da wadata da rashin tsaro.

[1] https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/27/china-wants-balanced-trade-deal-at-summit-but-us-isnt-interested.html

[2] https://tradingeconomics.com/china/wages-in-manufacturing da kuma https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/wages-in-manufacturing

[3] https://www.rt.com/uk/461062-trump-nhs-trade-deal/

[4] https://techcrunch.com/2014/07/04/the-government-once-built-silicon-valley/

[5] https://www.breitbart.com/local/2018/07/05/silicon-valley-giants-enjoy-billions-in-government-subsidies/

[6] https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2181528/us-right-cry-foul-about-forced-technology-transfer-do-business

[7] https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/5/18064346/foxconn-deal-wisconsin-madison-university-partnership-students-ip

[8] https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-trends/China-keeps-global-crown-in-patent-applications

[9] http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20190207IPR25209/eu-to-scrutinise-foreign-direct-investment-more-closely

[10] https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Japan-to-restrict-foreign-investment-in-domestic-tech-over-leak-fears

[11] https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/industrial-espionage.asp

[12] https://www.comparitech.com/vpn/cybersecurity-cyber-crime-statistics-facts-trends/

[13] https://www.cybersecurity-insiders.com/list-of-countries-which-are-most-vulnerable-to-cyber-attacks/

[14] https://money.cnn.com/2018/04/05/news/economy/china-foreign-companies-restrictions/index.html

Me ya sa kuma yadda kasar Sin ke aiki: Tare da madubi zuwa Tarihinmu

Kwanaki 44 na Komawa a China

Tashin kasar Sin: Hanyoyi na jari-hujja, wuraren gurguzu

China 'yar kwaminisanci ce, dam! Dawn of the Red Dynasty

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