Da Jeff J. Brown

Hoton da ke sama: a gefen hagu akwai Sarki Taizu na Song yana buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da Firayim Minista Zhao Pu. Ya yi mulki a ƙarni na 10. ^Wannan zanen mai zane Qian Xuan ne (1235–1305). A gefen dama, shekaru 1,000 bayan haka, mataimakin shugaban ƙasa Xi Jinping ya nuna ƙwarewarsa ta ƙwallon ƙafa, yayin da yake duba filin wasa don shirye-shiryen gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta 2008. An zaɓi Xi don ya jagoranci Kwamitin Olympics na China, don tabbatar da cewa wasannin sun yi nasara. Mutane da yawa ba su san wannan gaskiyar ba. Shin Xi yana amfani da ƙaunar da China ke yi wa ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙarni, ta hanyar sanya wannan hoton ya yaɗu a duk faɗin ƙasar? Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙara sha'awar 'yan ƙasarsa ga kyakkyawan wasan.

Za a iya sauke shirye-shiryen podcast, bidiyon YouTube , da kuma yadda ake tallata su a iTunes , Stitcher Radio, RUvid da Ivoox (hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo a ƙasa),

Sauke sauti podcast anan

https://radiosinoland.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Football-was-Chinas-national-sport-for-millennia.-Why-are-they-so-bad-now-C.-Rising-Radio-Sinoland.mp3

[dropcap] Na fara fahimtar dogon tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Sin, lokacin da na je mashayar wiski a Beijing, mai suna Cuju (蹴鞠 = cùjū ). Abin dariya ne, mallakar wani ɗan ƙasar Morocco ne, wanda hakan ya ƙara wa yanayi na duniya na maraicen. Ban taɓa ganin wannan kalmar a cikin Sinanci ba a rayuwata, kuma lokacin da na duba ta na ga tana nufin tsohuwar ƙwallon ƙafa/ƙwallon ƙafa , sai na yi sha'awarta. Mai ita ya tabbatar min da cewa ya yi wa mashayarsa lakabi da Cuju , saboda yana son wasan zamani, wanda a halin yanzu ana buga shi a manyan matakai na gasar cin kofin duniya a Rasha.

Duk da cewa hakan yana tayar da hankalin 'yan Ingila da yawa, waɗanda ke alfahari da gudummawar da suka bayar ga ƙwallon ƙafa ta zamani, a ranar 15 ga Yuli ^, 2004, FIFA ta sanar a hukumance cewa wasan ya samo asali ne daga China ( http://ancient-chinese-life.blogspot.com/2011/01/chinese-ancient-football-cuju.html ).

Ba sunan Cuju ake amfani da shi a cikin harshen Mandarin na yau ba don wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani. Wannan zai zama zúqiú (足球), a zahiri harafi na farko yana nufin ƙafa kuma na biyu yana nufin ball , yana yin kalma mai hadewa. Cuju ya koma shekaru 2,300, tun kafin haihuwar Almasihu. Yayin da Sinawa ke gyara dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa, matakin farko na manufofin ƙasashen waje na Yamma ya kasance mai ƙarfi, inda Alexander na Girka ya yi wa al'umma fyaɗe, bautar da kuma halaka su gaba ɗaya, yayin da yake wawushe albarkatunsu a Afirka da Asiya. Magadansa na Eurangloland suna ci gaba da wannan al'adar Yammacin duniya mai alfahari ta kisan kare dangi, cin zarafi da kuma haƙowa a cikin nahiyoyi ɗaya da kuma bayan haka, a Amurka da Oceania.

An ƙirƙiro ƙwallon ƙafa a lokacin daular Qin mai ɗan gajeren lokaci (ƙarni na 3 ^kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa), inda kalmar China ta fito daga ciki. Ta sami karɓuwa sosai a Daular Han, wadda ta daɗe shekaru ɗari biyu kafin da kuma ƙarni biyu bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa. Ta shahara musamman a tsakanin manyan mutane da sojoji. Ta kuma shahara sosai a tsakanin mata, don haka ku ɗauki hakan, Mia Hamm. A cikin bayanan kotu, wata matashiya ta yi kyau sosai har ta doke ƙungiyar maza gaba ɗaya ita kaɗai, kamar wata mace 'yar Sino-Pele. Ta tafi yarinya!

'Yan matan Sin suna wasa ku ji, ta Daular Ming Mai zane Du Jin, kusan 15^th karni.

A halin yanzu, ƙasashen yamma suna nishadantar da jama'arsu da masu wasan gladiators suna yanka junansu har lahira, suna ciyar da fursunoni ga dabbobi masu cin nama a matsayin nishaɗin wasanni. Babu wani abu kamar yawon shakatawa mai ban sha'awa a babban cocin, kallon kuraye da zakoki masu yunwa suna goge hanji da kwakwalwar abin da ya rage na gawar ɗan adam. Daɗi! Clockwork Orange, ni 'yan iska ne, lokaci ya yi da za a ɗan yi ɗan tashin hankali, in ji Alex . 'Yan Yammacin duniya ba su canza sosai ba a cikin shekaru 2,000 da suka gabata, idan ana maganar sha'awar zubar da jini, sai dai ya tafi duniya ƙarni da yawa da suka gabata, wanda ya kai ga asarar sauran duniya, kuma suna ci gaba da yin hakan.

Han sun mayar da ƙwallon ƙafa zuwa wasan ƙwararru, inda 'yan kallo ke kallon wasannin. Dokokin sun yi kama da na yau. Ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa goma sha biyu zuwa goma sha shida kowannensu sun yi faɗa a filin wasa, tare da raga a kowane gefe don harbi da jefa ƙwallo a ciki; hanya ɗaya tilo ta motsawa da wuce ƙwallon ita ce da ƙafafu. A zamanin Daular Tang (ƙarni na 7 ^- 10 ⁾ , ƙwallon ƙafa ta shahara sosai har babban birnin yana da filayen wasa a ko'ina, tare da shaharar wasan ya bazu zuwa dukkan matakan al'umma. Ina iya tunanin yara suna buga ƙwallon ƙafa a kan tituna da wuraren shakatawa, kamar yadda suke yi a yau a duk faɗin duniya, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin zane na ƙarni na 12 a ƙasa.

Yara ɗari a cikin Long Spring (長春百子圖), wani zanen mai zanen kasar Sin Su Hanchen (蘇漢臣), mai aiki 1130–1160s AD. Babu wani abu da ya canza tsawon dubban shekaru.

An yi wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na asali da fata, waɗanda ke cike da gashin dabba da/ko fuka-fukan. 'Yan kasar Sin na Tang sun kirkiro mafitsarar iska mai matsa lamba, don haka kamar kwallon yau, ta yi billa, kuma tana iya tafiya da sauri da sauri. Ya kawo sauyi a wasan. Buga kusurwa… manufa!

A ƙarni na 10 ^, wasan ya shahara sosai har manyan birane suka haɓaka lig-lig na ƙwararru kuma suka gudanar da gasar ƙasa ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuju ), waɗanda suka gabaci UEFA (European League) da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya. Ina mamakin yadda waɗannan 'yan wasan tsakiyar zamani za su yi kyau a wannan shekarar a Rasha?

A zamanin Daular Song (ƙarni na 10 ^- 13 ⁾ , wasan ya ragu a matsayin wasan ƙungiya kuma ya zama gasa don ganin wanda zai iya riƙe ƙwallon daga ƙasa tsawon lokaci, yana amfani da dukkan jiki, sai dai hannaye, wanda yayi kama da ƙa'idodin taɓawa na yau. Ƙwallon Hannu! Ana kiran wannan báid ǎ (白打). Miliyoyin 'yan China har yanzu suna wasa da shi a unguwannin ƙasar, sai dai don ɗaukar ƙananan wurare na jama'a, suna harbi da kuma ajiye babban ɗan iska mai nauyi, wanda ba ya tashi ko'ina, wanda ake kira jiànzi (毽子). Ina ganin 'yan ƙasar suna wasa da shi na tsawon sa'o'i a ƙarshe, bayan aiki da kuma a ƙarshen mako.

Hoton yankan itace daga babban littafin tarihin kasar Sin na zamanin da, Masoyan Marsha, aka Margin Ruwa or Duk Maza 'Yan Uwa Ne. Labarin yana da kamanceceniya da Robin Hood, 'Yan fashi masu taimakon talakawa, da kudin masu hannu da shuni. Sassa da yawa a cikin wannan almara na almara na Sino sun yaba da kyakkyawan wasan daular Song, ku ji.

Yayin da fasahar zamani da al'adu da wayewar daular Song ta kasar Sin ke gaban sauran kasashen duniya shekaru aru-aru, Turawa sun yi wa juna kisan-kiyashi, Musulmi, Slavs da Yahudawa da miliyoyin mutane, yayin da shugabannin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da jama'arsu suka halarci yakin kisan kare dangi a Palastinu. An dace da kiransa zamanin Duhu.

Idan aka kwatanta da yawan zubar da jini da kasashen yamma suka yi, a wannan lokacin ne Marco Polo ya yi yawo ya zauna a kasar Sin, cikin mamaki da mamaki ga kasar da mutanenta. Komawa ga abin da ya kasance babban rami a Turai dole ne ya zama abin mamaki kwarai da gaske. Ana hasashen cewa kwallon kafa, kamar sauran abubuwa da dama da mutanen Yammacin duniya ke dauka a matsayin abin dariya, an dawo da ita Turai ta hanyar hanyoyin Siliki. Ba na son in raba ta da ku Romawa, amma 'yan China sun kirkiri taliyar spaghetti ƙarni da yawa kafin a kawo ta yamma zuwa Italiya (9c vs. 13-14c). Wannan jerin kayayyakin da aka shigo da su daga kasar Sin na fasaha, kasuwanci da al'adu tsawon kilomita daya ne, zuwa karni na 20 ^zuwa yanzu ( http://chinarising.puntopress.com/2018/03/20/china-tech-invention-innovation-technology-research-and-development-past-present-future-5000-years-of-progress-a-china-rising-radio-sinoland-living-document/ ).

Bayan haka, mata sun shiga harkar ƙwallon ƙafa sosai , inda karuwai ke shirya wasanni don jawo hankalin masu sha'awar wasanni zuwa gidajen karuwai. Yi magana game da haɗin gwiwar talla. Suna ihu, Ku ci gaba da wasa!, suna wasa game da yadda kawai kuka rage matsin lamba a cikin ƙwallon ku kuma kuna tambayar abokin ku ko ya zira kwallaye, sun ɗauki sabbin ma'anoni a Daular Ming (ƙarni na 13 ^- 17 ⁾ . Sarakunan Ming ma sun haramta wasan a hukumance ta hanyar umarnin sarki, tare da barazanar yanke ƙafafun masu laifi. Ta hanyar Daular Qing (ƙarni na 17 ^- 20 ⁾ , cuju , ko ƙwallon ƙafa ya zama ba komai ba face tunawa da tarihi.

Daular Ming Sarkin sarakuna Yongle, farkon 15^th karni, shan a wasan kwallon kafa, ana buga by eunuchs kotu. Ina tsammanin ba sa buƙatar saka madauri na jock.

Shin 'yan China za su zama babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya, idan wasan bai mutu a hankali ba, ɗaruruwan shekaru da suka gabata? Wasu mutane suna hasashen cewa wannan wani ɓangare ne na bayanin dalilin da ya sa China ta shiga gasar cin kofin duniya sau ɗaya kawai, 2002, lokacin da ta faɗi da rashin nasara sau uku a jere kuma ba ta iya samun ƙwallon cuju a raga sau ɗaya ba ( http://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/2152717/why-chinas-world-cup-failings-might-be-explained ). Wannan ya kasance shekaru 16 masu tsawo, masu ban haushi da suka wuce. Tun daga 1980, Baba Beijing tana haɓakawa da haɓaka, tare da babban nasara, zakarun Olympics na hunturu da na bazara. China ta sami matsayi na huɗu a cikin jimlar lambobin yabo na bazara tun 2000, kodayake ba ta da ban mamaki sosai a wasannin hunturu ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_at_the_Olympics ). Kwallon kafa ba wasa ne da aka yi niyya don yin fice a ciki ba.

Akwai wata magana da aka saba yi cewa, China tana da mutane da yawa, ya kamata su mamaye kwallon kafa, amma wannan zato ne na ƙarya. Ba shi da alaƙa da yawan jama'ar China da kuma al'ada da ci gaban wasanni a duk faɗin ƙasar, tun shekaru da yawa da suka gabata: wannan shine abin da muke yi.

Misali biyu sun nuna wannan da kyau. Norway, wacce take da yawan jama'a kusan miliyan biyar kacal, ta lashe lambobin yabo na Olympics na lokacin hunturu fiye da kowace ƙasa, fiye da sauran ƙasashen duniya. Me yasa? Domin yaran Norway suna yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara da kankara da zarar sun iya tafiya, kuma 'yan ƙasa suna yin alƙawarin saka hannun jari a waɗannan wasannin: wannan shine abin da muke yi.

New Zealand, wacce ita ma take da yawan jama'a kusan miliyan biyar, tana tsoratar da duk lokacin da ƙungiyar ƙwallon rugby ta All Blacks ta shiga filin wasa, tare da rawar yaƙin Maori da aka yi bikin kafin wasan, wanda ake kira haka. Wannan ƙaramar ƙasa, wacce ke da yawan jama'a a birni mai matsayi na uku a China, ta mamaye gasar ƙwallon rugby ta duniya, har idan suka sha kashi, kowa ya yi mamaki. Me yasa? Domin ana ba wa Kiwi ƙwallon rugby da zarar sun tashi tsaye kuma dukkan al'umma sun mai da hankali kan jarin ta da ci gaban ta a wannan wasan: wannan shine mu.

Wannan hoton ya ba da mamaki a kasar Sin lokacin da ya shiga kafafen yada labarai na kasar, inda mataimakin shugaban kasar na lokacin Xi Jinping ya buga kwallon kafa a birnin Dublin. Abin da yawancin mutane ba su sani ba shi ne cewa ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Gaelic, ana amfani da shi a cikin wasanni na ƙasar Ireland, ɗan giciye tsakanin ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya da rugby. An rasa bambanci. Abin da jama'ar kasar Sin suka gani shi ne cewa shugabansu na gaba shi ne gaga game da kwallon kafa.

Tsawon shekaru 2,000, 'yan China su ne fuskoki da ruhin "ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya", kamar yadda yake a zahiri, sannan suka rasa salon wasansu. Amma za su iya ɗaukar ƙarfin gwiwa su dawo da shi koyaushe: wannan shine mu da abin da muke yi . Tun lokacin da aka zaɓe Xi Jinping a matsayin shugaban ƙasa a 2013, irin wannan mayar da hankali da buri na Olympics ya koma ga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa baki ɗaya. Xi yana son kyakkyawan wasan kuma sha'awarsa da jajircewarsa sun shafi dukkan al'umma. Ya ɗauki 'yan China ƙarni ɗaya kafin su zama zakarun duniya a gasar Olympics kuma tare da kuɗi da tsari da ake samu don haɓaka ƙwallon ƙafa ( http://chinarising.puntopress.com/2018/06/22/100000-chinese-going-to-the-world-cup-in-russia-with-no-team-to-cheer-for-china-rising-radio-sinoland-180622/ ), cin Kofin Duniya ba zai ɗauki tsawon shekaru 25-30 ba. Duk da cewa ba a bayyana shi a hukumance ba, ina zargin cewa a sirri, Baba Beijing tana son lashe akalla ɗaya, idan ba duka gasar cin kofin duniya ta maza da mata ba nan da shekarar 2049, wato cika shekaru 100 da kafa sabuwar China mai ra'ayin gurguzu ta gurguzu.

Wani dan kasar China mai son zuci a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2002, shi ne kadai kasar Sin ta samu gurbin shiga wannan gasa. Rataya a can, abokina, ranar daukakarka za ta zo. Halayen da ke kunci na dama sun ce, "ruhu" kuma bandana ya yi ihu, "China kan nasara".

Idan kun ga aikin China Rising Radio Sinoland yana da amfani kuma kuna godiya da ingancinsa, da fatan za ku yi la'akari da bayar da gudummawa. Ana kashe kuɗi don biyan kuɗin Intanet, gyarawa, haɓaka hanyar sadarwar kwamfuta, da haɓaka shafin.

Me ya sa kuma yadda kasar Sin ke aiki: Tare da madubi zuwa Tarihinmu

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kwanaki 44 na Komawa a China

Tashin kasar Sin: Hanyoyi na jari-hujja, wuraren gurguzu

China 'yar kwaminisanci ce, dam! Dawn of the Red Dynasty

Don Littattafan Jeff J Brown, Radio Sinoland & kafofin watsa labarun